Shotguns have been around for centuries and remain one of the most popular types of firearms out there. It’s a unique gun used primarily for hunting but also for home defense, sporting competitions, and law enforcement.
In this article, we’ll go over what a shotgun is, the three main types of shotgun, how a shotgun works, and more. Let’s get started!
What is a shotgun?
Unlike a rifle that shoots a single projectile, a shotgun shoots multiple pellets (aka shot) that spread out as they leave the gun barrel. It is the only type of firearm that does this.
Shotguns have a range of about 50 yards, and they can be loaded with ammunition of varying sizes. For example, they can shoot small pellets known as bird shot, larger pellets known as buck shot, or even a single “slug,” effectively turning the gun into a regular rifle. This makes the shotgun very versatile.
The 3 main types of shotguns
Shotguns come in three main forms: Break action, pump action, and semi-automatic versions. Let’s explain each:
Break action. These are shotguns that have a hinge between the stock and the barrel (typically a double barrel). To load the gun, you must “break” the barrel to expose the breech where you load the ammunition. You must then reload after each shot.
Pump action. These are usually single-barreled shotguns that can hold more than one round at a time. Once fired, you can chamber another shotshell by pulling the pump handle toward yourself and then back to its original position.
Semi-automatic. These are shotguns that hold multiple shells in a removable magazine. When you pull the trigger, a single shot is fired, and then a new one is automatically chambered from the magazine.
Shotgun ammunition
Now that you know the main shotgun types, let’s break down shotgun ammunition. It’s made up of the following parts:
- Outer hull. This is usually made of plastic with a rimmed, brass, or steel base.
- Primer. This sits inside the metallic base and ignites the powder charge when it’s struck by the firing pin.
- Charge of gunpowder. This is also in the metallic base. When it explodes, the pressure propels the projectile out of the barrel.
- A felt, paper, or synthetic “wad” or shot cup. This separates the shot from the propellant.
- Payload of shotgun pellets. Also known as the “shot,” these projectiles are what hit the target.
How a shotgun works
The shotgun itself works in the following way:
When you pull the trigger, a hammer or firing pin strikes the primer located at the base of the shotgun shell. This primer contains material that explodes and ignites propellant powder contained in the shell. As the propellant powder burns, it creates an expanding gas that creates pressure and forces the shot or slugs out of the barrel.
At the same time, the used shell casing is ejected from the chamber, clearing the way for the next round. Of course, this process happens within a fraction of a second.
Shotgun uses
As mentioned, shotguns have many uses. They are frequently used to hunt animals such as birds or small game like rabbits and squirrels. The wide shot pattern makes it ideal for hitting moving targets.
For the same reason, shotguns are also a popular choice for home defense. They are easy to aim with and have considerable stopping power. Plus, the sound of racking a pump-action shotgun is very recognizable and may act as a deterrent to intruders.
Shotguns are also used by law enforcement and military personnel. They can be especially useful for controlling crowds with non-lethal ammunition like rubber bullets or bean bags, for example.
Of course, many use shotguns in various shooting sports, such as trap shooting and skeet shooting. Some even compete in shooting events with them.
Final thoughts
If you’re shopping for a new firearm, a shotgun can be a great choice. It’s versatile, powerful, and easy to aim with. Plus, you can equip it with various accessories such as a scope, sight, or flashlight. By doing your due diligence, you can find a shotgun to meet your needs.